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"介词"是理解(It is/was...adj...(for/of) sb+to do sth.)句型的关键
jxf315 2025-05-25 13:36:24 教程文章 1 ℃对"It is/was...adj...(for/of) Sb...to do sth."句型的理解,国内语法书及网络文章中解释说: 要根据其所用形容词的特点来判断用"for" 还是用"of", 并列出了什么"评论形容词"、"情态形容词"。看来看去,也记不清哪个用哪种形容词?到底还是迷迷糊糊…
这使我回忆起了一件往事: 记得有一航次,我所在希腊船" La Paxi"从南非运两万多吨"石油渣(Petroleum residue)"到伦敦卸载,时值圣诞节前几天,从北海吹来的冷风使得伦敦海面雾气蒙蒙、天气极寒…。
起锚进港途中,因主机(Main Engine)不能立刻开出"全速前进/Full Ahead"、需写"海事声明"(Sea-Protest)进行抗辩。
为了不出差错,我把"Sea-Protest"交给代理修改。
其中:"在严寒天气,我船的主机在短时间内是不可能开到全速的…When the weather is extremely cold, our main engine can't reach full speed in a short time"。
代理改成:
"It is impossible for the main engine to reach full speed in a short time in the extremely cold weather"。
不太放心!我就问其为何这样修改?他说: "The revised sentence is more concise and idiomatic...这样更简略、地道…"。
问他为何选用for?不用of? 他解释说: "如果表示目的、普遍现象、尚未发生的事情,就用for。如果用of, 就成了你们的主机有缺陷,你的船东是有责任的",至今记忆深刻!
为了准确,我查阅了《朗文语法》。通过大量例句,我认为: 根据"介词特性"更易理解该句型。
1/For… 表示目的,说明不定式动作是为谁的。
(从其谓语用is就看出: 用for是表示"普遍现象、尚未发生的情况")。
例句:
★It will be convenient for you to meet me here tomorrow morning.
(尚未发生)《朗文语法》
对你来说,明天来见我很合适。
(=To meet me here will be convenient for you tomorrow morning).
★It is a pleasure for us to be there. (尚未发生)《朗文语法》
★It will not be easy for Tom to find a new job.
(尚未发生)《朗文语法》
★It is very important for you to study English well.
(中网句/普遍现象)
(To study...是for you的)。 ★It is very important for people to know what is hearsay and what is certain knowledge. (普遍哲理)《薄冰语法》 对于人们来说,了解什么是道听途说,什么是确切的知识,这是非常重要的。
★It is necessary for goods to be packed properly in the holds. 《牛津航海英文》(普通真理)
货物在货舱中被妥善包装是必要的。
★亦可用"真正主语"替代"虚设主语~It":
she is anxious for her daughter to win the competition.
(尚未发生)《朗文语法》
注: 《朗文语法》中都是用"is…for"做例子的,未见有"was...for"例句。
2/of…归属关系,说明不定式结果是谁做的。
(谓语用was,用于描述已做过了的情况,只有做过了的事情才有结果)。
★It was kind of you to help us. 《朗文语法》(已经过去、构成结果)。 ★It was silly of us to believe him. 《朗文语法》(已经过去)
相信他,是我们愚蠢。
★It was good of your brother to come.
你令弟光临、十分荣幸。
(已经过去~牛津词典句)
(to come...是your brother的行为)。
★他什么都不和别人分享,真是太自私了。
It was most selfish of him not to contribute anything. 《朗文语法》(已经过去)
(not to contribute…是him做的)。
他不捐献任何物品、太自私。 ★It was annoying of John to lose the key to my car.
《朗文语法》(已经过去)
John丢失了我的车钥匙,真令我恼火!
注:《朗文语法》中均用"was...of"例句,未见"is...of"例句。
3/总结:
在"It is/was+adj...(for/of)..inf."句型中,
A/使用"is...for"时:
用于描述普遍现象、尚未发生之事,说明"不定式的动作/结果是为谁做的",强调目的性。
B/使用"was...of"时:
用于描述已经过去之事、说明"不定式的动作/结果是谁做出的",强调归属关系。
个人观点、仅供参考。
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